Definition
A survey is a detailed map or report that defines a property’s boundaries, dimensions, and physical features. Conducted by a licensed land surveyor, it provides critical information about property lines, easements, encroachments, and zoning restrictions. Surveys are often required in real estate transactions, new construction, and legal disputes over land ownership.
Explanation
Surveys help buyers, sellers, and lenders understand exactly what is being purchased and identify potential legal issues before closing. A survey typically includes:
- Boundary Lines – Exact dimensions of the property.
- Easements – Rights allowing others (e.g., utility companies) to use a portion of the land.
- Encroachments – When structures (fences, driveways, etc.) extend onto neighboring property.
- Zoning and Setback Requirements – Restrictions on how the land can be used or built upon.
Surveys are crucial in real estate transactions because they prevent boundary disputes and ensure buyers are aware of any potential restrictions on land use. Mortgage lenders and title companies often require a survey before financing a property, especially in rural or undeveloped areas.
Example
A homebuyer purchases a large suburban lot and wants to install a new fence. Before proceeding, they order a property survey and discover that part of the existing fence encroaches onto the neighbor’s property. The survey allows them to correct the issue before making further improvements, avoiding potential legal disputes.